Sunday, February 21, 2010

Training at Leatside



Increasingly at the surgery we have Clinical Staff at various levels of training.
Being a training practice is thought generally to indicate a practice with a high standard of clinical care and generally high quality.
These qualities are assessed regularly by those in charge of medical training regionally in order to ensure that their trainees or students aren't going to be short-changed.

Dr Frankland and Dr Watkins are approved trainers for GP Registrars. Dr Loverock, Dr Grant, Dr Martinus and Dr Morris are our trainers for Medical Students.

For a long time we have had Hospital Doctors training to be GPs.
These days these are called GP Registrars.
They can have a varied clinical background. Anything from having come straight out of house jobs to having worked around the world for many years.
They are nowadays attached to the Surgery for 2 stints- one of 6 months and one of 12 months. The training is actually 3 years overall, so the other 18 months is spent at Torbay doing Hospital posts appropriate to General Practice like A&E, Gynaecology or Psychiatry.
These are well qualified Doctors, so when they are at the Surgery they work relatively independently. The level of supervision they get depends on their level of expertise. They are strongly encouraged to discuss any cases where they feel at all uncertain. Cases are reviewed routinely on a weekly basis and each week they share a Surgery with their trainer. Sometimes their Surgeries are videos to be reviewed later together with their trainer. These days we use HD webcams to record the consultations.
At the end of their time training they will have sat a number of quite expensive exams from the Royal College of General Practitioners and if they pass can then work independently as GPs. All of our recent Registars have gone on to get partnerships locally.

Some practices have Doctors in their early work years. What used to be called house jobs are now called Foundation training posts. These take two years and in the second year (as an F2) they can work in General Practice.
They necessarily require a greater degree of supervision and training. This takes more time on the trainers part to do this and can take them further away from their own patient lists. As yet we have not had an F2 but are looking at the possible benefits of this. Anyone who has ever been a teacher or perhaps had an apprentice perhaps will know that often the benefit of a trainee is not going to be so much in terms of a lighter workload, because the supervision pretty much cancels that out - more it is the fresh or different view on things. Students often challenge their teachers in many ways and for the practice or the trainer that is enormously valuable in their own development. There is a super little essay here on burnout in the medical prevention and how it may be prevented. Training others is one of the key approaches to keeping your own practice vital.

Thirdly is the role of medical students. We have had these intermittently at the Surgery for many years. In the old days they used to visit from London and stay for a week or two with one of the GPs. These days they come solely from the Peninsula Medical School and come on a day by day basis. Again, they can vary widely in their level of expertise, so if you are asked to consult with a Medical Student, be reassured that your case will always be thoroughly reviewed by one of the GP partners.

What we have always not managed to accommodate are School-based work-experience students. It is not thought possible to allow them routinely into clinical scenarios due to stringent patient confidentiality. The rest of the non-patient work we do is frankly too boring to be of interest to a student.
It is a shame really, as a keen student planning to apply to medical school would probably really like to have a spell at the Surgery. We feel this certainly shouldn't happen within the confines of the town in which they study. So if you have a son or daughter in that situation we would suggest approaching General Practices in nearby towns instead.

We do occasionally have trainee nurses as well. More often these are attached to the District Nursing or Health Visitors teams.

Saturday, February 13, 2010

Moles


One of my patients emailed me a little poem about moles this week.
Remember though-, as she refers to, "this medical mole", the NHS pays for problem mole removal, not cosmetic work.
If it's cosmetic work you are after, see a Plastic Surgeon!

Dr Watkins pet speciality is in Mole removal
He’ll soon get his scalpel out if you give your approval

You don’t have to worry because he won’t be pathetic
By expecting you to have it done without an anaesthetic
He’ll get rid of that thing that’s plagued you for years
That thing that looks ugly and has caused a few tears
That horrible Mole that sticks through your vest
The one that’s so big as it sits on your chest
You may have a little one that makes you feel sad
Best get it sorted though before it goes bad
Moles are funny things...some are harmful...some are not
Always best to check it out...see what sort you’ve got

The trouble with moles you can’t remedy with a pill
You’ll be happier when it’s gone...honestly you will

It’s not like yours will disappear down a hole
It’s got to be dealt with...this medical mole
Trust Dr Watkins for he’ll cause you no pain
And just think of the benefit of not seeing it again!

Tuesday, February 9, 2010

Kidney Impairment

As NHS health-professionals we provide holistic care to our patients, and are used to doing this while intermittently focussing on different parts of the body or different bodily systems.
This provides a way of structuring care properly- taking into account the evidence there is for treatments provided.
This evidence and the way it is produced is compartmentalised, so it suits us when systematising care to break it down in the same way.

As doctors we have through our careers become quite accustomed to dealing with heart disease, brain disease, gut disease and so on. 
Kidney disease has always been a bit at the periphery of our awareness and care. (Apart from a relatively few doctors who are interested in the kidneys that is).

I wonder why that is.
I think it may be because, by and large, they just work.
Even when scraping along on 20% of their capabilities we really don't feel the effects.
If that was heart or brain we'd be acutely aware of it. Added to that, they seem a bit mysterious.
In medical school we are in awe of their fabulous structure and the beautiful, complicated way they work so well and wonder how on earth that ever evolved.

What is it they do?
Well, they essentially filter the blood. Filtering out molecules that aren't supposed to be in our bloodstream and keeping in the ones that are. This keeps us feeling healthy.
They also do a few other regulatory things like helping with the control of blood pressure and metabolising vitamin D to keep our bodies calcium levels normal and bones healthy.

Next question.... why are they so fault-tolerant?
This I think is because they are actually quite delicate and sensitive things.... being prone to damage they have a large built-in tolerance to it.
Any number of different conditions can damage the kidneys. Inflammatory and autoimmune conditions are ones that interest doctors quite a lot.
Diabetes is the big thing in kidney disease though. Renal units up and down the country are kept going by people with poorly controlled diabetes who have succumbed to kidney impairment of varying degrees. High blood pressure can be either the result of or the cause of kidney damage. One of the big ones is the damage that comes from poor circulation. Not just cold hands I mean, but clogged up arteries. The kidneys filter the blood, so if the blood can't get to or around the kidney to be filtered then the kidneys can't do their job.
Certain medications can damage the kidneys too. And poisons- a classic being poisonous mushrooms.
They tend to weaken as you age as well.

Next question... why am I writing about kidneys?
As kidneys are a bit of a "Cinderella" organ, yet so important,  the Department of Health has decided to kick us into action to look with more interest at kidney disease. Which probably needed doing.
The first thing they did was get all the laboratories in the country to give us our kidney-function blood tests in a different way that would be more meaningful.
Previously we got, and actually still do get, a level of a substance called creatinine.
This is a breakdown product of muscle metabolism. If we have muscles, we have creatinine in the bloodstream. If we have lots of muscle we have a higher level.
Our kidneys get rid of it at roughly the same rate that it is produced. If the kidneys don't work well then the level is higher.
What they have now done is age and sex adjusted this figure to give us a figure called an eGFR. This stands for an estimate of the Glomerular (kidney) Filtration Rate.
Now that we have these figures we more easily get an idea of whether someone's kidneys are working well or not.

So, what are we doing with these figures at Leatside?
Well, now we have a list of people where the blood tests suggest or hint at the fact that kidneys may not be working so well.
What we have to do is work out in which patients this is a significant problem or not. Thes we'll call CKD - Chronic Kidney Disease. Chronic refers to the duration an illness has gone on, not how bad it is. Chronos=time. Like chronometer.
One way of doing this is to see if the urine produced contains any protein. A damaged kidney leaks proteins from the bloodstream into the urine.
Another is to see if a patient with an eGFR that is out has any other condition that might cause or contribute to kidney damage. Diabetes, high blood pressure and so on... 
The other thing of course is the patient themselves. A bodybuilding muscle-man may have a very low estimatedGFR purely because they have so much muscle.
Someone who is missing a kidney may have a low eGFR but a perfectly healthy remaining kidney.

Once we have formed a clear idea about who might have actual, damaged kidneys then we can arrange care to reduce the risk of further damage and see if there is anything we can do to improve the situation.
What this usually entails is controlling better the factors involved that might be damaging, or might have damaged the kidneys. eg Better control of cholesterol and blood pressure. Tighter control of diabetes.
If, however, someone seems to have kidneys that are really not very good then we usually will refer them to a Nephrologist (Kidney Specialist) for a more expert view on what to do. 
We have a Kidney Specialist called Dr Tse from Derriford who does a clinic at Totnes Hospital, or we can get people to see the one who visits Torbay from Exeter Renal Unit.

The severity of kidney impairment is staged- 5 levels.
Stage 0 is normal, stage 5 is on dialysis.
Many of our patients have an eGFR indicating stages 1 or 2, but these really don't need much, if any, attention at present.
It is those people with stage 3 or 4 that we hope to find and work on.
I hope we already know all the patients with stage 5 disease. These are the ones who may need dialysis or a transplant.

So far we have identified over 300 patients with Stage 3,4 or 5 disease. We will be contacting them in due course individually to take this further if needs be. Our computer suggests we'll have nearer 400 in total.


More Info:


UK National Kidney Federation - http://www.kidney.org.uk

The Renal Association - 
http://www.renal.org/whatwedo/InformationResources/CKDeGUIDE/CKDstages.aspx